Grants-USDA Helping America Thrive-Joshua Daniel Mosshart

The best strategy to procure an Grant from the USDA is to start with understanding the DOA's mission, vision and discretionary budgets for their initiatives. 

Your objective should be to align your value proposition with supporting their legislative mandates, goals and objectives positioning your technology as a solution.

The Mission of the USDA is to provides leadership on food, agriculture, natural resources, rural development, nutrition, and related issues based on sound public policy, the best available science, and efficient management. 

The Vision Statement of the USDA is to expand economic opportunity through innovation, helping rural America to thrive; to promote agriculture production sustainability that better nourishes Americans while also helping feed others throughout the world; and to preserve and conserve our Nation’s natural resources through restored forests, improved watersheds, and healthy private working lands. 

    $22.6 Billion in Discretionary funding for the USDA in 2014

Promotes Development of Rural Renewable Energy. The Budget proposes $4 billion in loans to rural electric cooperatives and utilities that will support the transition to clean-energy generation. 

Specifically, this funding will be targeted to decrease America’s reliance on fossil fuels and promote renewable and clean energy at electric generation, transmission, and distribution sites in rural communities. 

In addition, the Budget proposes a program level of $238 million for the Rural Energy for America Program to assist agricultural producers and rural small businesses in developing renewable energy systems, energy efficiency improvements, and renewable energy development.

Often, research performed by Federal scientists or supported by the Federal Government is leveraged by the private sector to serve the broader public—creating jobs, spurring economic growth, and enhancing global competitiveness in the U.S. agriculture sector. 

In response to the President’s call to pursue new energy solutions, USDA is working with scientists, farmers, and entrepreneurs to develop a nationwide biofuels economy. 

USDA will continue to support this goal with actions to support a competitive agricultural system; create livable communities; and enhance rural prosperity. 

The budget invests $1.3 billion in high priority areas, including beginning farmers, bioenergy, specialty crops, and organic agriculture. 

USDA will contribute to the job creation and economic growth goals of the White House Rural Council by continuing to fund programs that effectively promote renewable energy, job training, infrastructure investment, access to capital, and green jobs throughout rural America. 

Provides $1.5 billion for community facility direct loans. This level of funding will support loans to over 1,700 rural communities to develop essential facilities such as hospitals, schools, libraries, fire protection, child and adult day care, and other public buildings. 

Provides $383 million for competitive grants through AFRI, which supports all strategic goals. 

A portion of this funding will support research focused on developing solutions for water management that link food, water, climate change, energy, and environmental issues. 

Major studies have consistently found that the net social returns from public agricultural research in the United States are high. 

Studies have shown that every dollar invested in agricultural research returns roughly $20 in economic benefits to the Nation. 

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Source: USDA

Grants-Grid Energy Storage-Joshua D. Mosshart

 The Department of Energy has a major initiative to invest in modernizing the energy grid. There are four major challenges related to widespread deployment of energy storage:

1. Cost competitive energy storage technologies. 

Life-Cycle cost and performance:
a. round-trip efficiency
b. energy density
c. cycle life
d. capacity fade

2. Third party validation of the reliability and safety.

Risk Mitigation
a. Performance

3. Fair regulatory environment.

Easing Hurdles
a. Institutional 
b. Regulatory

4. Industry acceptance.

Performance
a. Reliability
b. Safety

The future for energy storage in the U.S. should address the following issues: energy storage technologies should be cost competitive (unsubsidized) with other technologies providing similar services; energy storage should be recognized for its value in providing multiple benefits simultaneously; and ultimately, storage technology should seamlessly integrate with existing systems and sub-systems leading to its ubiquitous deployment.


                            Energy Storage Technologies

1. Grid Stabilization
2. Voltage Support
3. Load Leveling
4. Pumped Hydro
5. Compressed Air Storage
6. A Combination of Battery Technologies
7. Flywheels
8. Electrochemical Capacitors
9. Energy Management
10. Backup Power
11. Software- Immediate Feedback Loop.
12. Sensors
13. Smart Appliances
14. Processors
15. Generators
16. Demand Management

Energy storage can reduce the need for major new transmission grid construction upgrades as well as augment the performance of existing transmission and distribution assets. 

DOE estimates that 70% of transmission lines are 25 years or older, 70% of power transformers are 25 years or older, and 60% of circuit breakers are more than 30 years old.4 Extending the capability of the transmission grid—for example by pre-positioning storage on the load side of transmission constraint points—makes the grid more secure, reliable, and responsive.

Additionally, distributed storage can reduce line-congestion and line-loss by moving electricity at off-peak times, reducing the need for overall generation during peak times. By reducing peak loading (and overloading) of transmission and distribution lines, storage can extend the life of existing infrastructure.

Moreover, as the nation moves towards the electrification of the transportation sector, energy storage for vehicles, and the integration of energy between vehicles and the grid, will be critical. 

The focus on storage is not only for the deployment of batteries in vehicles, but also for potential second-life applications for electric
vehicle (EV) batteries. 

Energy storage will also play a significant role in emergency preparedness and increasing overall grid resilience to weather outages and other potential disruptions.

Energy storage is poised to grow dramatically, requiring large investment in manufacturing capacity and jobs. 

According to an Information Handling Services, Cambridge Energy Research Associates (IHS CERA) report, the energy storage business could grow from $200 million in 2012 to a $19 billion industry by 2017.

Storage technology can help contribute to overall system reliability as large quantities of wind, solar, and other renewable energy sources continue to be added to the nation’s generation assets, furthering the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy security. 

For micro- and smart-grid technologies, storage can provide redundancy options in areas with limited transmission capacity, transmission disruptions, or volatile demand and supply profiles.

A strong storage market will foster a robust manufacturing base of advanced electric energy storage devices in the U.S., and this capability can be leveraged for export opportunities in the robust foreign market for storage. Further, by enabling more efficient adoption of renewable energy sources in the U.S.

Unsolicited grants are a great way for businesses to get funding support for innovative energy grid technologies.


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Source: Department of Energy

Unsolicited Grants- Funding The Green Revolution

A Unsolicited Grant is like getting a birthday card with money in it. It is a gift that you don't have to pay back, there is no interest charged and you can spend it how ever you wish. 

Unsolicited Grant awards for example from the Department of Energy go to the businesses that have an impact on the growth of economy, job creation, enhance energy security and deploy low-carbon technologies and lay the foundation for a clean energy future.

The following technologies currently have the highest priority to receive Unsolicited Grant support from federal agencies. We are talking about billions of discretionary dollars at least through President Obama's term.

This gives businesses with the following innovations going to market or in the market an opportunity to launch their companies to another level and make a major impact on America.

                          Clean Technology Initiatives

District Heating and Cooling (DHC)- connect multiple energy consumers to cost-effective, environmentally optimal heat sources through a piping network. 

Sources of heat could include combined heat and power plants, biomass or clean coal co-firing, capturing geothermal heat and natural sources of heating and cooling, or recuperating industrial waste heat.

Buildings and Communities- Net Zero energy consumption in new and existing buildings and communities is possible.

Energy Efficient Electrical Equipment- Efficient electric motor systems, mapping and benchmarking, monitoring, verification and enforcement, smart metering infrastructure, solid state lighting and standby power.

Energy Storage- Recuperating waste heat.

Heat Pumping Technologies- Multi-functional heating and cooling.

High Temperature Superconductivity- Incorporating HTS into electrical generators and equipment increases system efficiency, reliability and safety.

Increasing Capacity and Reliability-Integrating "smart grid" technologies such as advanced information, immediate feedback, sensing, communications, control and energy technologies and systems can significantly improve electricity reliability.

Emission Reductions in Combustion- Advanced hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines, alternative fuels, internal combustion engine sprays, homogeneous charge compression ignition, nano-particle diagnostics.

Almost three-quarters of the CO2 generation is from the transportation sector. It is imperative we support R&D for engine efficiencies.

Industrial Technologies and Systems- Application of industrial heat pumps, energy efficient drying and dewatering technologies, industrial excess heat recovery, industrial-based bio-refineries and membrane technologies.

Advanced Fuel Cell- Fuel cells use chemical reactions to generate electricity. Fuel cell systems for stationary applications, fuel cells for portable applications, fuel cells for transportation, molten carbonate fuel cells, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells and system analysis of fuel cells.

Advanced Motor Fuels- Life-cycle, or well to wheel analysis was carried out for energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. 

The results show that while burning clean fuels such as methane, ethanol and dimethyl either can provide advantages over diesel in reducing regulated emissions such as particulates or airborne soot.

Advanced Transport Materials- Substituting steel in transport vehicles with lighter alternatives has the potential to reduce fuel consumption by 10%. Together with improvements in energy and component efficiencies, a 50% reduction can be achieved in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by 2031.

Hybrid and Electric Vehicles- Widespread acceptance of battery and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs) will require overcoming several obstacles. Infrastructure investments, charging interoperability and urban planning.

Clean Coal- Burning coal accounts for 46% of total global mercury emissions. Mercury is highly toxic to human health. 

There are numerous options for mercury control. The highest levels of control are achieved with fabric filters fitter for particulate removal.

Enhanced Oil Recovery- Worldwide, only 30% to 35% of the oil underground will be produced according to present plans and technologies.

                          

Development of gas flooding techniques.
Thermal Recovery.
Fundamental research on surfactants and polymers.
Studies of fluids and interfaces in porous media.
Biological Recovery

Fusion Materials- Fusion energy has the potential to be a safe, environmentally attractive and inexhaustible source of power. 

A unique aspect of the fusion is the substantial production of gases that affect the mechanical and physical properties of the materials.

Nuclear Technology and Fusion Reactors- Developing fusion is an extremely difficult scientific and engineering challenge. For fusion to be achieved, we need to understand how to contain-and maintain-hot plasma. 

The next step will be to learn how to extract the energy from plasma in order to generate electricity. The rewards of fusion include large scale energy generation without greenhouse gases.

Bio-energy- Bio-energies provide sustainable, socio-economic solutions to energy challenges, whether for electricity or transport.

Concentrating Solar Power- Concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies use large, sun tracking mirrors to concentrate sunlight. CSP plants can provide base-load electricity production as well as produce high-temperature heat for industrial processes or to purify or desalinate water.

Geothermal- Electricity generation from high-temperature geothermal heat is the only renewable energy source that can provide continuous, base-load power for many years with no fuel costs and with minimal environmental impact.

Hydrogen- Hydrogen is virtually limitless as it is the most abundant element in the universe. Hydrogen product from nuclear power plants, renewable energy sources, or by splitting water through electrolysis results in a fuel with minimal environmental effects.

Hydro-power- Hydro-power represents 18% of total electricity production worldwide, compared to less than 2% for all other renewable sources combined. It is a proven technology, and it is reliable and efficient, with low operating and maintenance costs.

Photovoltaic-Deploying PV services for regional development, High penetration of PV in electricity grids, Hybrid systems within mini-grids, Large-scale PV power generation systems

Wind- Electricity from land-based wind is cost-competitive, particularly when emissions are factored into conventional fuel prices.

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Grants for Obama's All-Of-The Above Energy Strategy- Joshua Daniel Mosshart

 

The U. S. energy sector is undergoing amazing transformation with Obama's support with The All-Of-The-Above Energy Strategy. 

The Department of Energy, The Department of Agriculture, The Environmental Protection Agency, The Department of Transportation has billions in their discretionary budget to support this mission in the form of guaranteed loans and grants.

With this initiative the U.S. is now producing more oil and natural gas, is generating more electricity from renewables like wind and solar. 

This is creating substantial benefits to our energy security, reducing carbon emissions, supporting our trade imbalances, strengthening our currency and tackling climate change.

The All-Of-The-Above Energy Strategy has three key elements: to support economic growth and job creation, to enhance energy security, and to deploy low-carbon energy technologies and lay the foundation for a clean energy future. 

President Obama is really aggressive in this strategy and has publicly announce he will by-pass legislation for the Administration's top priorities. 

This strategy is supporting American entrepreneurs, innovative businesses, government supported research and other public policies and legislative mandates.

The All-Of-The-Above energy strategy initiative is to invest in environmentally responsible oil production of oil and gas with low or zero carbon emissions, through programs that involve wind, solar, renewables, nuclear and technologies promoting "Resource Efficiency".

The Administration is also standing behind carbon capture, utilization and storage for coal and natural gas power plants and industrial facilities.

                          Major Achievements to Date

  Decades-long trends in energy use are being reversed. 

Natural gas consumption has risen 18 percent since 2005. In addition, total energy obtained from wind, solar, and geothermal sources has more than doubled since 2009. 

         Many of these changes are largely unforeseen. 

Only eight years ago, baseline projections showed steadily increasing petroleum consumption well into the future. But the Energy Information Administration now projects petroleum consumption to decline starting after 2019. 

In fact, since its peak in 2007, U.S. gasoline consumption has fallen by 5.5 percent, or half a million barrels per day. 

Rising domestic energy production has made a significant contribution to GDP growth and job creation.

The increases in oil and natural gas production alone contributed more than 0.2 percentage point to real GDP growth in both 2012 and 2013, and employment in these sectors increased by 133,000 between 2010 and 2013.

Tens of thousands more jobs have been created in the solar and wind industries. These figures do not account for all the economic spillovers, so the overall impact on the economy of this growth in oil and gas production is even greater. 

Excluding the crisis-affected year of 2009, the U.S. trade deficit as a percent of GDP is the lowest since the 1990s. 

Since its 2006 peak, more than a fifth of the narrowing of the trade deficit as a percent of GDP can be directly attributed to a shrinking trade deficit in petroleum products, as rising domestic production and declining domestic consumption have combined to cut oil imports. 

The resilience of the economy to international supply shocks—macroeconomic energy security—is enhanced by reducing spending on net petroleum imports and by reducing oil dependence. 

The factors that have reduced net oil imports—decreased domestic petroleum demand, increased domestic oil production, more efficient vehicles, and increased use of biofuels—reduce the vulnerability of the U.S. economy to oil price shocks stemming from international supply disruptions. 

Although international oil supply shocks and oil price volatility will always present risks, empirical evidence presented in this report suggests that further reductions in net petroleum imports will reduce those risks. 

The United States has emerged as the world’s leading producer of petroleum and natural gas. 

In 2013, combined production of petroleum, natural gas, and other liquid fuels in the United States exceeded that of Saudi Arabia and Russia. 

The United States leads in natural gas and is predicted by the International Energy Agency to lead in oil as well within a few years. 

The United States has reduced its total carbon pollution since 2005 more than any other nation on Earth.

While energy-related CO2 emissions have fallen 10 percent from their peak in 2007, recent projections suggest that emissions could begin to increase again, and more work remains to address this critical imperative. 

In his 2013 State of the Union address, the President again called on Congress to pass legislation that would provide a market-based mechanism for reducing emissions. 

Absent a market-based solution, a central goal of national energy policy is to develop and to deploy low-carbon technologies that the market would not otherwise undertake because of the externality of greenhouse gas emissions. 

The President’s All-of-the-Above Energy Strategy embraces natural gas as a transitional fuel, and includes steps to ensure that natural gas development is done responsibly. 

Natural gas is comparatively cleaner than many other sources of energy. And while extraction of natural gas raises some environmental concerns, including fugitive methane emissions, the Administration is supporting safe and responsible development including a strategy to address gaps in current data on methane emissions, to reduce “upstream” methane emissions, and—as part of the Quadrennial Energy Review—to identify “downstream” methane reduction opportunities. 

The All-of-the-Above Energy Strategy supports renewables, nuclear, and other zero-carbon energy sources through research, development, and deployment, and also invests in energy efficiency. 

The Interior Department is on track to permit enough renewable energy projects on public lands by 2020 to power more than six million homes; the Defense Department has set a goal to deploy three gigawatts of renewable energy—including solar, wind, biomass, and geothermal—on Army, Navy, and Air Force installations by 2025; as part of the Climate Action Plan, the Federal Government committed to sourcing 20 percent of the energy consumed in Federal buildings from renewable sources by 2020; and the Energy Department supports clean energy technology development and cost reduction across the innovation chain, including through significant loan guarantees and demonstration projects to promote nuclear, renewables, efficiency, and clean coal technologies. 

Source: Obama's All-The-Above Energy Strategy As A Path To Sustainable Economic Growth, May 2014

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Unsolicited Grant Submissions- Joshua Daniel Mosshart

There are billions of dollars allocated to the private sector in the form of U.S. Federal Grants every year. 

Why aren't you getting a piece of the pie if you have an innovative idea, service or product?

Its all about how you ask for it and what information you include in your Unsolicited Grant Proposal. 

When prepairing your Unsolicited Grant Proposal you need to include the following fundamental information.

How your technology will provide a solution or aid that agency with their current initiatives and mission.

                         Business Financial Information

A cost estimate for your proposed project detailed based on the SF 424 Budget Worksheet (SF424 Excel Worksheet). 

Also a descriptive marketing piece or an executive summary and a brief description of the facilities.

                                    Technical Information

Include about a 500 word summary of the proposed technology or research. This should be informative and provide comparisons of similar technologies and the differences and advantages of your technology rather than business as usual.

Keep in mind that this should be kept in layman terms and be a basis for a first introduction. The body of the summary should contain the work plan with sufficient technical detail to permit a meaningful evaluation. 

                   The plan of approach should be outlined.

Current facilities and equipment especially adapted. If the project will be performed away from the proposer's facility or a new manufacturing facility to be developed explained in full.

Key personnel and the roles withing the business/project with brief biographical information on each clarifying the experience and expertise. 

Most Federal Agencies are not required to perform a comprehensive evaluation of unsolicited proposals not related to its mission.

The key questions in a Unsolicited Grant evaluation are the following:

In your proposal do you demonstrate a unique and innovative method, approach or concept?

What is the overall scientific/technical or socioeconomic merit of the request?

What are the contributions to the agencies mission?

What are the key personnel's capabilities, related experience, facilities, techniques, or combination of these which are unique factors for achieving the proposal objectives?

How realistic is the project?

What is the discretionary capital available currently to support the proposed project and relative merit of the project to others which could be supported with the same funds?

                                 Reporting Requirements

Once you receive the award typically between 3-6 months a number of reporting requirements will be required. A schedule of reports will be arranged at the time of the award.

Program managers that grant the award have been instructed to use discretion in report selection in order to keep administrative
burdens to a minimum. Usually, an annual progress report is sufficient.

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Unsolicited Grants-Joshua Mosshart

U.S. Federal Agencies look to the private sector for new  innovations to assist them in reaching their legislative mandates, missions and program objectives.

Their is no ceiling to the amount of a Unsolicited Grant award you may receive unlike solicited grants were the grants have caps.

The key to winning the grant is to understand the current initiatives of that agency in which you are applying, Understand how their discretionary budget is allocated to support its mission and which agency to apply.

You need to identify the agencies challenges and make a case why your business will aid them in their objectives by providing a better mouse trap (solution).

Demonstrate a unique and innovative concept or a unique track record of the management/owner/inventor.

Offer a solution or service not otherwise available to the government. 

If you are a patent holder it is highly unlikely the government is using your technology or service which gives you the advantage in getting the grant award.

Ask yourself is my product or service "resource efficient" are you or your customers able to do more with less? 

The Unsolicited Grant Proposal is meant to be persuasive and is an art to write. It will be presented to the agencies scientific and engineering committee who will determine if the proposed grant request will be a important solution to a timely problem.

What are the objectives, the pertinence to the agencies mission and the rationale, the methods to be pursued the qualifications of the team and the operation budget to attain the objectives?

Individuals, commercial businesses, non-profits, research organizations and educational institutions may submit an Unsolicited grant request.

Unsolicited grants are non-recourse, non-dilutive to shareholder equity and you don't have to repay them. 

Having a preliminary relationship with these agencies helps to determine the size of the grants being awarded and the level of interest for the proposed project.

Unsolicited grant requests can be submitted at anytime but allow 3-6 months for a confirmation of the award. 

You will work directly with the managers that give out the award to determine the payout schedule based on your prepared budget.

We highly recommend Unsolicited grants because they are truly the lowest cost of capital to any business owner.

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Cleantech Grants: Department of Interior is Investing $1 billion in ...

Cleantech Grants: Department of Interior is Investing $1 billion in ...: The Department of Interior is taking up the challenge to address demands for water.  The DOI is helping communities improve conservati...

Department of Interior is Investing $1 billion in America's Water Infrastructure Joshua Mosshart

The Department of Interior is taking up the challenge to address demands for water. 

The DOI is helping communities improve conservation and increase the water supply. 

Invests in safety, reliability, and efficiency of America's water infrastructure and in the protection and restoration of fragile aquatic ecosystems.

The 2014 DOI budget provides $11.7 billion in discretionary funding to promote and support:

Economic growth by investing in our natural resources and energy resources.

Protects and restores water resources and infrastructure.

Makes public lands available for clean energy infrastructure projects. 

Support for responsible development of the nation's oil and gas resources.

Reforms mining operations and reducing the environmental impacts of mining.

Imcrease investments in science and evaluation to support decision making.


                                    The DOI initiatives 

• Investing $1Billion in America's Water Infrastructure.
• Launching a department-wide climate change strategy.
• Taking the lead on a national conservation initiative.
• Responding to the state of California's water crisis.
• $100 million to permit renewable energy projects on Federal lands and waters.
• $960 million for basic and applied science for research and development.

                        U.S. Department of Interior's Mission
                 Protecting America’s Great Outdoors and Powering Our Future

The Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated island communities.

Click Source: DOI Strategic Plan
Cleantech Grants
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Cleantech Grants: $8,000,000,000 Billion in Loan Guarantees For Adva...

Cleantech Grants: $8,000,000,000 Billion in Loan Guarantees For Adva...:                          "Advanced Fossil Energy Projects" Avoid, reduce or sequester the emission of greenhouse gases. Th...

$8,000,000,000 Billion in Loan Guarantees For Advanced Fossil Fuel Projects Joshua Mosshart

                         "Advanced Fossil Energy Projects"

Avoid, reduce or sequester the emission of greenhouse gases.

The Department of Energy currently announced it is seeking applicants who would want loan guarantees to aid in the DOE's mission. 

The Guarantees will be for projects in the United States that can demonstrate an advanced innovative fossil energy technology.                                

An “Eligible Project” under this Solicitation is a Project located in the United States that: 

1. Uses advanced fossil energy technology (within the meaning of that term in Section 1703(b)(2) of Title XVII) and is described in one or more of the following technology areas: 

a) Advanced Resource Development. 

Projects that employ new or significantly improved technologies to economically develop, recover, and produce traditional and non-traditional fossil energy resources with reduced greenhouse gas emissions; 

b) Carbon Capture. 

Projects that integrate fossil fuel usage in traditional processes with new or improved technology that captures and removes CO2 for permanent storage in underground formations or through beneficial reuse; 

c) Low-Carbon Power Systems. 

Projects that use fossil fuels for electricity generation using novel processes or improved technologies that can seamlessly integrate with CO2 capture and storage or beneficial reuse; or 

d) Efficiency Improvements. 

Projects that incorporate new or improved technologies to increase efficiencies and substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuel supply and use; and 

2. Meets both of the following requirements: 

a) Projects that avoid, reduce, or sequester anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases; and 

b) Projects that employ New or Significantly Improved Technology as compared to Commercial Technology in service in the United State at the time the Term Sheet is issued. 

                       Illustrative Types of Eligible Projects 

1. Advanced Resource Development: 

a) Novel oil and gas drilling, stimulation, and completion technologies, including dry fracking, that avoid, reduce, or sequester anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases; 

b) Use of associated gas production to reduce flaring; 

c) Coal-bed methane recovery to reduce methane emissions into the atmosphere associated with coal mining; 

d) Underground coal gasification; or 

e) Methane emissions capture from production, transmission or distribution; 

2. Carbon Capture: 

a) CO2 capture from synthesis gases in fuel reforming or gasification processes; 

b) CO2 capture from flue gases in traditional coal or natural gas electricity generation; or 

c) CO2 capture from effluent streams of industrial processing facilities; 

3. Low-Carbon Power Systems: 

a) Coal or natural gas oxycombustion; 

b) Chemical looping processes; 

c) Hydrogen turbines; or 

d) Synthesis gas, natural gas, or hydrogen based fuel cells; 

4. Efficiency Improvements: 

a) Combined heat and power; 

b) Waste heat recovery on industrial facilities; 

c) High-efficiency distributed fossil power systems; or 

d) High temperature materials for fossil-based systems. 

All fossil fuels, including, without limitation, coal, natural gas, oil, shale gas, oil gas, coal-bed methane, methane hydrates, and others, are included in references in this Solicitation to “fossil fuels.” 

The key to success is for the projects to be resource efficient compared to existing technologies.



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Source: DOE Solicitation Number: DE-SOL-0006303